Cultural Tours

On The Footsteps Of Alexander The Great

Alexander the Great's Crusade started to conquer the Persian Empire and free the Ionien cities of Asia Minor (334 BC) . In less a year's time, Alexander swept through Asia Minor, liberated cities, established democracies and introduced an advanced coinage standart that revolutionized trade. He defeated Persians at Granicus River (334) and at Issos(333). He also cut the legendary Gordion knot during his campaign. Alexander's main achievement was to introduce Hellenistic Culture to the east and change the map of the world.

Day 1: ISTANBUL
          Arrival in Istanbul. Transfer to the Hotel. Dinner and overnight in Istanbul.

Day 2: ISTANBUL
          Full day city tour of Istanbul. Visit to Topkapy Palace, The Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia Museum, and the Chora Church. Dinner and overnight in Istanbul.

Day 3: ISTANBUL- CANAKKALE
          After the breakfast, you will leave Istanbul and drive along the Thracian coast to Gallipoli. In the afternoon, take the ferry boat across the famous Dardanelles and continue towards Troy.
The account of the Trojan war by the blind poet, Homer, made this city famous. The ruins have enormous historical importance, and for those who have read Homer a visit to Troy is a spiritual pilgrimage to the beginnings of western literature.
Dinner and overnight in Canakkale.


Day 4: CANAKKALE-KUSADASI
          Today you will drive to Bergama. The town is about 30 km. from the sea, below the ancient Pergamon, which was a terrace town on the upper slopes of the volcanic hill. The town was cut into the mountain ,in the 3C BC, just after the death of Alexander the Great. Altar of Zeus, which is in the Berliner museum now, Temple of Athena, Temple of Trajan are important parts of this famous ancient city. This town is also known as the town of Parchment. The second biggest library at that time , after Alexandria was in Pergamon. The Ptolemys, responsible for the rival library in Alexandria, then forbade the export of papyrus to Pergamon. The Pergamenes replied by using skins to write on, which were called later parchment. After the visit you will drive to Kusadasi. Dinner and overnight in Kusadasi.


Day 5: KUSADASI
          "Ionia enjoys the finest of climates and its sanctuaries are unmatched in the world... The wonders of Ionia are numerous, and not much short of the wonders of Greece itself."
So said Pausanias in Book VII of his Guide to Greece. Although eighteen centuries have passed since he wrote those lines they are as true now as they were then. Ionia has always been the most beautiful part of Anatolia, and even mainland Greece has no many monuments of classical architecture. Ephesus, Artemis Temple, one of the Seven Wonders of the world, Didyma, Miletos and Priene; they are just some of hundreds ancient cities in this part of Anatolia.
The visits starts at the House of Virgin Mary. Ephesus is as popular a religious shrine today as it was in ancient times. This is due to the "miraculous" discovery near Selcuk of the supposed House of the Blessed Virgin, known in Turkish as Meryem Ana. After the visit of the small church at the Panayia Kapulu hill, you will continue to the most famous ancient city in Turkiye, Ephesus with the Artemis Temple, one of the Seven Wonders of the world. The original Hellenic settlement of Ephesus was established by Ionians in about 11th century BC. In 550 BC King Croesus of Lydia took the city. In the Roman time, it became capital of the Roman province of Asia. During the second century, with a population over 300,000, it was one of the most important cities in the world. When St. Paul first arrived there in AD 53 he found that there was already a community of Christians. St. John the Apostle came here at about the same time, perhaps accompanied by the Blessed Virgin.

Temple of Artemis, Arcadian Way, Grand Theater, Celsus library, Baths of Scholastica, the Temple of Hadrian, State Agora, Prytaneion, Odeon will be visited. In the afternoon visit the Archeological Museum of Ephesus, which is one of the most attractive and interesting of the small local museums in Turkey and Church of St. John who, according to tradition, lived here during the years in Ephesus; after his death a shrine was erected over his grave, which was replaced by a larger church later on. Dinner and overnight in Kusadasi.





Day 6: KUSADASI - MARMARIS
Today you visit first the site of ancient Didyma, the archaic Temple of Apollo. Didyma, like Claros, was never a city in its own right, but a Miletian sanctuary of Apollo inhabited only by priests and the suppliants who came to consult the famous oracle there. The oracle at Didyma was the oldest known to the Greeks in Asia Minor.

Your second stop is another famous ancient city at the Ionian coast, Miletos. Although Ephesus is more famous today Miletos was by far the greatest of the Ionian cities, as measured by its enormous contribution to the development of Greek civilization. It was the principal port and the richest emporium on the Aegean coast, the city of Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes and Hippodamos.          The last visit of the day is Priene, another member of the Ionian Confederacy, standing on a narrow shelf of hillside high above the Meander valley, with one of the mighty bastions of Mycale mountain rising sheer above the ruins. You will see the Temple of Athena, which stands in the most dominant position of the city; the agora, Temenos of Zeus Olympios, the theater, prytaneion and the bouleuterion.
           After this last visit you will drive to Marmaris through the most lyrically beautiful countryside in all Ionia and Caria. Dinner and overnight in Marmaris.


Day 7: MARMARIS - KAS
          Departure early in the morning for Kas. You will arrive soon the charming resort village of Dalyan, situated between crystalline freshwater Lake Köycegiz and the Mediterranean. Here, you will take a river excursion to Kaunos for a tour of the ruins. On the way you will see wonderful rock tombs. In Kaunos, you will visit Acropolis, the theater and the other parts of the city. On the way back free time at the sandy beach between the lake and sea. Dinner and overnight in Kas.

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DAY 8 : KAS
Departure from the hotel, drive by bus to Patara, Letoon and Xanthos. The political center of the Lycian Confederacy was in Xanthos. Letoon is famous with the temples of Leto, Apollon and Artemis. You will drive back to the hotel in the afternoon. Dinner and overnight in Kas.

DAY 9 : KAS - ANTALYA
Today, you proceed to the beautiful Turquoise Coast of the Lycia, stopping first in Demre, ancient Myra to visit the Lycian rock tombs, many of them still decorated with beautifully carved figures in low relief, usually depicting funerary scenes.

Demre stands near the site of ancient Myra, famed as the Episcopal seat of St. Nicholas, patron saint of pawnbrokers and sailors and known to children as Father Christmas. In the village of Demre you will visit the church dedicated to the saint; which is heavily restored eleventh-century structure built on site of an earlier sanctuary of the same name.

After the visit you will continue to Phaselis, which was founded in 690 BC by settlers from Rhodes. In the antiquity it was the greatest city in eastern Lycia. The ruins stand in lonely grandeur on the shore beneath the great massif of the ancient Mount Solymnus. This was the peak on which Poseidon stood when he watched Odysseus sail off from Calypso's isle, a scene which Homer thus describes: "From the mountains of the Solymni, even thence he saw Odysseus as he sailed over the deep." Continue to Antalya in the afternoon. Dinner and overnight in Antalya.


DAY 10 : ANTALYA
          After the breakfast, you will start with the city sightseeing. On your panoramic tour of Antalya, you will see Hadrian's gate, built to honor Hadrian on the occasion of his visit to the city in AD 130, the old town and the harbor. After the visits within the city,you will drive to Perge,Aspendos and Side, the famous cities in at the Pamphylian Coast. You leave Antalya and drive eastwards, after some fifteen kilometers along you come to the site of Perge, one of the most interesting archaeological sites along the Mediterranean coast of Turkiye. The original settlers were probably Greeks, who emigrated from the mainland about 1100 BC under the pressure of Dorian invaders from the North. Afterwards Perge shared the same history as the other Greek settlements in Asia Minor, being subjected at various times by the Lydians, Persians and mainland Greeks, afterwards were subsequently absorbed, in turn, into the empires of the Romans, Byzantines, and Selcuk and Ottoman Turks.

 

You will see the great theater, stadium, Hellenistic walls, colonnaded street, monumental nymphaion, agora. Further you drive some twenty-five kilometers past from Perge, you will arrive the ancient River Eurymedon and the ruins of the ancient Aspendos. Aspendos had almost the same history as Perge. You will see its magnificent theater, the finest of those which have survived from the ancient Greco-Roman world, with its imposing exterior facade 80 feet in height and 360 in length. It is one of the best preserved theaters with excellent acoustics and still used for concerts and functions. For the the last visit of the day drive to Side.Dinner and overnight in Antalya.

DAY 11 - 13: ANTALYA
Days at leisure.

DAY 14: DEPARTURE DAY
Transfer to the Airport.
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